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MINERAL CLASSIFICATION / SYSTEMATIK der MINERALE based on E.H. Nickel & M.C. Nichols (2009), H. Strunz & E.H. Nickel (2001), revised by Thomas Witzke (2023) 6. BORATES 6.A: Nesoborates | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AA. With BO3 groups, without additional anions, (1Δ) | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AA.005. Sassolite | ||||||||||||||||||
Sassolite | B(OH)3 | tric., P1 | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
Sassolite: layers of B(OH)3 triangles parallel (001). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AA.010. Kotoite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Kotoite | Mg3(BO3)2 | orth., Pnmn | G | |||||||||||||||
Jimboite | Mn3(BO3)2 | orth., Pnmn | IMA 1963-002 | |||||||||||||||
Kotoite: Mg in octahedral coordination. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AA.015. Nordenskiöldine group | ||||||||||||||||||
Nordenskiöldine | CaSn(BO3)2 | trig., R3 | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
Tusionite | MnSn(BO3)2 | trig., R3 | IMA 1982-090 | |||||||||||||||
Nordenskiöldine and Tusionite: Dolomite type structure, cations in octahedral coordination. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AA.20. Sibirskite | ||||||||||||||||||
Sibirskite | CaH(BO3) | mon., P21/c | G | |||||||||||||||
Sibirskite: pairs of edge-sharing CaO6 octahedra forming a double-chain parallel a. The double chains are linked by BO2(OH) groups. Sibirskite is isostructural with Nahcolite, NaH(CO3) (Miura & Kusachi, 2008, J. Min. Petr. Sci. 103, 156-160 - using space group P21/a; Sun et al., 2011, Can. Min. 49, 823-834 - using space group P21/c). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AA.25. Parasibirskite | ||||||||||||||||||
Parasibirskite | CaH(BO3) | mon., P21/m | IMA 1996-051 | |||||||||||||||
Parasibirskite: Ca in 7-fold coordination. Edge-sharing CaO7 polyhedra form a layer structure parallel (100). The layers are connected by BO2(OH) triangles (Takahashi et al., 2010, J. Min. Petr. Sci. 105, 70-73; Sun et al., 2011, Can. Min. 49, 823-834). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AA.030. Takedaite | ||||||||||||||||||
Takedaite | Ca3(BO3)2 | trig., R3c | G | |||||||||||||||
Takedaite: Ca in 8-fold, tetragonal anti-prism coordination. | ||||||||||||||||||
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6.AB. With BO3 groups, with additional anions, (1Δ) + OH, O, F or Cl | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.005. Hambergite | ||||||||||||||||||
Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) | orth., Pbca | G | |||||||||||||||
Hambergite: Be in tetrahedral coordination. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.010. Berborite | ||||||||||||||||||
Berborite | Be2(BO3)(OH,F)·H2O | trig., P3 | IMA 1967-004 | |||||||||||||||
Berborite polytypes: Berborite-1T (trig., P3), Berborite-2T (trig., P3c1), Berborite-2H (hex., P63). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.015. Mengxianminite | ||||||||||||||||||
Mengxianminite | (Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2 | orth., Fdd2 | IMA 2015-070 | |||||||||||||||
6.AB.020. Chubarovite | ||||||||||||||||||
Chubarovite | KZn2(BO3)Cl2 | trig., R32 | IMA 2014-018 | |||||||||||||||
Chubarovite: composed of two types of layers alternating along [001], an anionic {Zn2(BO3)Cl2}- and a cationic K+ layer. The anionic layer consists of flat triangular BO3 groups sharing all O vertices with bases of ZnO3Cl tetrahedra. Each Cl atom is shared between one Zn-centered tetrahedron and three edge-connected KCl6 octahedra from the anionic layer (Pekov et al., 2015, Can. Min. 53, 273-284). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.025. Jeremejewite | ||||||||||||||||||
Jeremejewite | Al6(BO3)5F3 | hex., P63/m | G | |||||||||||||||
Jeremejewite: Al in octahedral coordination with O and F. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.030. Fluoborite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)F3 | hex., P63/m | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
Hydroxylborite | Mg3(BO3)(OH)3 | hex., P63/m | IMA 2005-054 | |||||||||||||||
Fluoborite and Hydroxylborite: Mg in octahedral coordination in pairs of edge-sharing chains along [001], forming channels with hexagonal and trigonal outline. Borate groups occupying the trigonal channels (Dal Negro & Tadini, 1974, Tscherm. Min. Petr. Mitt. 21, 94-100; Rudnev et al., 2007, Geol. of Ore Deposits 49, 48-57). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.035. Painite | ||||||||||||||||||
Painite | CaZrAl9O15(BO3) | hex., P63/m | G | |||||||||||||||
Painite shows some structural relation to Fluoborite. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.040. Warwickite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Warwickite | (Mg,Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)2O(BO3) | orth., Pnam | G | |||||||||||||||
Yuanfuliite | Mg(Fe,Al)O(BO3) | orth., Pnam | IMA 1994-001 | |||||||||||||||
6.AB.045. Karlite | ||||||||||||||||||
Karlite | (Mg,Al)7(BO3)3(OH)4Cl1-x | orth., P21212 | IMA 1980-030 | |||||||||||||||
6.AB.050. Wightmanite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Wightmanite | Mg5O(BO3)(OH)5·2H2O | mon., I2/m | A | |||||||||||||||
Shabynite | Mg5(BO3)(OH)5Cl2·4H2O | mon. | IMA 1979-075 | |||||||||||||||
6.AB.055. Pertsevite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Pertsevite-(F) | Mg2(BO3)F | orth., Pna21 | IMA 2002-030 | |||||||||||||||
Pertsevite-(OH) | Mg2(BO3)(OH) | orth., Pnma | IMA 2008-060 | |||||||||||||||
Pertsevite-(F): Mg in octahedral coordination. Natural Pertsevite contains a certain amount of silicate groups replacing borate (4 - 12 wt.-% SiO2) (Schreyer at al., 2004, Eur. J. Min. 15, 1007-1018). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.060. Rhabdoborite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Rhabdoborite-(V) | Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.33O6(BO3)6-x(PO4)xF2-x | hex., P63 | IMA 2017-108 | |||||||||||||||
Rhabdoborite-(W) | Mg12W6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2 | hex., P63 | IMA 2017-109 | |||||||||||||||
Rhabdoborite-(Mo) | Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2 | hex., P63 | IMA 2019-114 | |||||||||||||||
The Rhabdoborite group minerals are structurally related to the Pertsevite group minerals. Mg is in octahedral coordination. Rhabdoborite-(W) and -(Mo) shows also a certain replacement of borate by phosphate and arsenate, which is visible in the IMA accepted formulas only for Rhabdoborite-(V). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.065. Ludwigite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3) | orth., Pbam | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
Vonsenite | Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3) | orth., Pbam | G | |||||||||||||||
Fredrikssonit | Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3) | orth., Pbam | IMA 1983-040 | |||||||||||||||
Azoproite | Mg2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)O2(BO3) | orth., Pbam | IMA 1970-021 | |||||||||||||||
Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+O2(BO3) | orth., Pbam | IMA 1974-019 | |||||||||||||||
Savelievaite | Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3) | orth., Pbam | IMA 2021-051 | |||||||||||||||
Member of the zigzag wallpaper-borate structures. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.070. Marinaite | ||||||||||||||||||
Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) | mon., P21/c | IMA 2016-021 | |||||||||||||||
Member of the zigzag wallpaper-borate structures. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.075. Pinakiolite | ||||||||||||||||||
Pinakiolite | (Mg,Mn)2(Mn3+,Sb5+)O2(BO3) | mon., C2/m | G | |||||||||||||||
Member of the zigzag wallpaper-borate structures. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.080. Orthopinakiolite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Orthopinakiolite | Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3) | orth., Pnnm | A | |||||||||||||||
Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mg,Al,Sb)O2(BO3) | orth., Pbam | IMA 1986-058 | |||||||||||||||
Takéuchiite | Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3) | orth., Pnnm | IMA 1980-018 | |||||||||||||||
Blatterite | Sb5+3Mn3+9Mn2+35(BO3)16O32 | orth., Pnnm | IMA 1984-038 | |||||||||||||||
Member of the zigzag wallpaper-borate structures. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.085. Hulsite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Aluminomagnesiohulsite | Mg2AlO2(BO3) | mon., P2/m | IMA 2002-038 | |||||||||||||||
Magnesiohulsite | Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3) | mon., P2/m | IMA 1983-074 | |||||||||||||||
Hulsite | Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3) | mon., P2/m | G | |||||||||||||||
Member of the zigzag wallpaper-borate structures. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.090. Folvikite | ||||||||||||||||||
Folvikite | Sb5+3Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 | mon., P2 | IMA 2016-026 | |||||||||||||||
Member of the zigzag wallpaper-borate structures. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AB.095. Jacquesdietrichite | ||||||||||||||||||
Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2[BO(OH)2](OH)3 | orth., Pnma | IMA 2003-012 | |||||||||||||||
Jacquesdietrichite: distorted CuO6 octahedra form edge-sharing (rutile-like) chains parallel to [010]. The chains are joined into layers parallel to (100) by sharing the apical octahedral vertices in the [001] direction. Triangular BO(OH)2 groups link the octahedral layers in the [100] direction yielding a framework structure. Jacquesdietrichite doesn't belong to the wallpaper-type borate structures (Kampf & Favreau, 2004, Eur. J. Min. 16, 361-366). | ||||||||||||||||||
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6.AC. With BO3 groups, with additional anions, (1Δ) + CO3, SiO4 | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AC.005. Gaudefroyite | ||||||||||||||||||
Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3(BO3)3(CO3)O3 | hex., P63 | FOTO | IMA 1964-006 | ||||||||||||||
Gaudefroyite: infinite chains in [001] direction formed by edge-sharing Mn3+O6 octahedra which are crosslinked by triangular BO3 groups, forming two different types of channels. Ca2+ cations are situated in the in the structural channels. CO3 groups situated in the center of the wide channels (Hoffmann et al., 1996, Eur. J. Min. 9, 7-20). Mn cations are arranged in a Kagomé lattice. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AC.010. Qilianshanite | ||||||||||||||||||
Qilianshanite | NaH4(CO3)(BO3)·2H2O | mon., C2 | IMA 1992-008 | |||||||||||||||
Qilianshanite: with isolated triangular BO3 groups and chains of edge-sharing NaO6 octahedra. Carbonate groups share two oxygen with two adjacent NaO6 octahedra (Wang et al., 1994, Geol. Review 40, 347-353). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AC.015. Sakhaite | ||||||||||||||||||
Sakhaite | Ca48Mg16Al(SiO3OH)4(CO3)16(BO3)28·(H2O)3(HCl)3 | cub., Fd3m | IMA 1965-035 | |||||||||||||||
6.AC.020. Harkerite | ||||||||||||||||||
Harkerite | Ca12Mg4Al(SiO4)4(CO3)5(BO3)3·H2O | trig., R3m | G | |||||||||||||||
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6.AD. With B(O,OH)4 groups, without additional anions; (1□) | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AD.005. Sinhalite | ||||||||||||||||||
Sinhalite | MgAlBO4 | orth., Pbnm | G | |||||||||||||||
Sinhalite is isostructural with Olivine. Mg and Al are in octahedral coordination. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AD.010. Béhierite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Béhierite | TaBO4 | tetr., I41/amd | FOTO | A | ||||||||||||||
Schiavinatoite | NbBO4 | tetr., I41/amd | IMA 1999-051 | |||||||||||||||
Béhierite and Schiavinatoite are isostructural with Zircon. | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AD.015. Frolovite | ||||||||||||||||||
Frolovite | Ca[B(OH)4]2 | tric., P1 | G | |||||||||||||||
6.AD.020. Hexahydroborite | ||||||||||||||||||
Hexahydroborite | Ca[B(OH)4]2·2H2O | mon., P2/c | IMA 1977-015 | |||||||||||||||
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6.AE. With B(O,OH)4 groups, with additional anions; (1□) + OH, O, F or Cl | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AE.005. Bandylite | ||||||||||||||||||
Bandylite | CuB(OH)4Cl | tetr., P4/n | G | |||||||||||||||
Bandylite: Cu(OH)4Cl2 octahedra and B(OH)4 tetrahedra forming layers parallel (001) by sharing corners. Adjacent layers are linked by the sharing of Cl atoms at the apical positions of Cu centered octahedra (Li & Burns, 2000, Can. Min. 38, 713-715). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AE.010. Teepleite | ||||||||||||||||||
Teepleite | Na2B(OH)4Cl | tetr., P4/nmm | G | |||||||||||||||
6.AE.015. Pseudosinhalite | ||||||||||||||||||
Pseudosinhalite | Mg2Al3O(BO4)2(OH) | mon., P21/c | IMA 1997-014 | |||||||||||||||
Pseudosinhalite: structurally related to Sinhalite. Mg and Al in octahedral coordination. The AlO6 octahedra form zigzag chains with a 3-repeat (Dreierkette) in [100] direction by sharing edges. Mg centered octahedra are attached to both sides of the chains. The chains are connected via BO4 tetrahedra (Daniels et al., 1997, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 128, 261-271). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AE.020. Henmilite | ||||||||||||||||||
Henmilite | Ca2Cu(B(OH)4)2(OH)4 | tric., P1 | FOTO | IMA 1981-050 | ||||||||||||||
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6.AF. With B(O,OH)4 groups, with additional anions; (1□) + CO3, SO4, PO4, AsO4 | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AF.005. Moydite | ||||||||||||||||||
Moydite-(Y) | YB(OH)4(CO3) | orth., Pbca | IMA 1985-025 | |||||||||||||||
6.AF.010. Carboborite | ||||||||||||||||||
Carboborite | Ca2Mg(B(OH)4)2(CO3)2·4H2O | mon., P21/n | A | |||||||||||||||
6.AF.015. Sulfoborite | ||||||||||||||||||
Sulfoborite | Mg3(B(OH)4)2(SO4)(OH,F)2 | orth., Pnma | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
6.AF.020. Lüneburgite | ||||||||||||||||||
Lüneburgite | Mg3[B2(OH)6(PO4)2]·6H2O | tric., P1 | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
Lüneburgite: layered structure of Mg-Borophosphate layers built of of Mg centered octahedra and borate and phosphate tetrahedra sharing a corner, and Mg octahedra layers (Sen Gupta et al., 1991, Am. Min. 76, 1400-1407). | ||||||||||||||||||
6.AF.025. Seamanite | ||||||||||||||||||
Seamanite | Mn3B(OH)4(PO4)(OH)2 | orth., Pbnm | G | |||||||||||||||
6.AF.030. Cahnite | ||||||||||||||||||
Cahnite | Ca2B(OH)4(AsO4) | tetr., I4 | G | |||||||||||||||
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G = Grandfathered minerals: original description preceded the establishment of the CNMNC in 1959, and generally regarded as a valid species A or IMA No. = Minerals approved by the CNMNC Rd = Redefinition of the mineral approved by the CNMNC Rn = Renamed with approval by the CNMNC Q = Questionable mineral Classification principles: The classification is based on the linkage of borate triangles (BO3), symbol Δ, and borate tetrahedra (BO4), symbol □, to form fundamental building blocks (FBB) (see in Grice et al., 1999). According to the polymerization of the borate groups the subdivision is made now into Neso-, Soro-, Cyclo-, Ino-, Phyllo- and Tecto-borates, adapted from the well-known subdivision of the Silicates class and following the recommendation in Mills et al. (2009) on the standardisation of mineral group hierarchies. The further subdivision of the subclass "6.A: Nesoborates" into families is made according to the type of the borate group and the presence of additional anions. The presence of water (as in Carbonates, Sulfates etc.) is not used to avoid a large number of units with just one or a few groups or single minerals. Subdivision into 6.AA. With BO3 groups, without additional anions; 6.AB. With BO3 groups, with additional anions (OH, O, F or Cl); 6.AC. With BO3 groups, with additional anions (CO3, SiO4); 6.AD. With B(O,OH)4 groups, without additional anions; 6.AE. With BO4 groups, with additional anions (OH, O, F or Cl); 6.AF. With B(O,OH)4 groups, with additional anions (CO3, SO4, PO4, AsO4). The units 6.AC. and 6.AF. link to other mineral classes. Further classification: 6.AA. With BO3 groups, without additional anions: Without other cations; with cations in tetrahedral coordination (no example at time); with cations in octahedral coordination; with cations in other coordination. 6.AB. With BO3 groups, with additional anions (OH, O, F or Cl): With cations in tetrahedral coordination; with cations in octahedral coordination and different wallpaper structure types (from Jeremejewite to Rhabdoborite group); with cations in octahedral coordination and zigzag wallpaper structure types; with cations in octahedral coordination and other structure types. 6.AC. With BO3 groups, with additional anions (CO3, SiO4): With additional carbonate groups; with additional carbonate and silicate groups. 6.AD. With BO4 groups, without additional anions: With cations in tetrahedral coordination (no example at time); with cations in octahedral coordination; with cations in other coordination. 6.AE. With BO3 groups, with additional anions (OH, O, F or Cl): With cations in tetrahedral coordination (no example at time); with cations in octahedral coordination; with cations in other coordination. 6.AF. With BO3 groups, with additional anions (CO3, SO4, PO4, AsO4): With additional carbonate groups; with additional sulfate groups; with additional phosphate or arsenate groups. Reference: Grice, J.D.; Burns, P.C. & Hawthorne, F.C. (1999): Borate Minerals. II. A hierarchy of structures based upon the borate fundamental building block. Can. Min. 37, 731-762. Mills, S.J.; Hatert, F.; Nickel, E. & Ferraris, G. (2009): The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals. Eur. J. Mineral. 21, 1073-1080. To distinguish from classical Strunz numbering, on hierarchical "group" level, a numbering with 3 digits is used, like "6.AA.005. Sassolite", instead of 2 digits (like "6.AA.05.") in the Strunz system. © Thomas Witzke (2023) |
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