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MINERAL CLASSIFICATION / SYSTEMATIK der MINERALE based on E.H. Nickel & M.C. Nichols (2009), H. Strunz & E.H. Nickel (2001), revised by Thomas Witzke (2023) 5. CARBONATES (Carbonates, Nitrates) 5.D: Carbonates with additional anions, with water | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DA. With cations only in tetrahedral coordination | ||||||||||||||||||
no example known | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DB. With cations in tetrahedral + other coordination | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DB.005. Niveolanite | ||||||||||||||||||
Niveolanite | NaBe(CO3)(OH)·2H2O | tetr., P4/mcc | FOTO | IMA 2007-032 | ||||||||||||||
Niveolanite: The structure contains infinite chains of BeO2(OH)2 tetrahedra, linked via common OH groups. The two other vertices of each Be tetrahedron are shared with (CO3) groups. Na cations occupy seven-fold polyhedra NaO6(H2O) forming columns. Chains of Be tetrahedra and columns of Na polyhedra are aligned along the c axis. H2O molecules are located in channels formed by the chains and columns (Pekov et al., 2008, Can. Min. 46, 1343-1354). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DB.010. Šlikite | ||||||||||||||||||
Šlikite | Zn2Mg(CO3)2(OH)2·4H2O | tric., P1 | IMA 2018-120 | |||||||||||||||
Šlikite: The structure contains heteropolyhedral layers of composition [Zn4Mg(CO3)4(OH)4]2-, parallel to {001}. Within the layers, [110] chains of corner-connected ZnO2(OH)2 tetrahedra share corners with Mg-centred octahedra. Tetrahedra and octahedra are connected via CO3 groups. The interlayer between these layers is composed of H-bonded [Mg(H2O)6]2+ octahedra and H2O (Sejkora et al., 2019, Eur. J. Min. 31, 1047-1054). | ||||||||||||||||||
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5.DC. With cations only in octahedral coordination | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.005. Scarbroite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Scarbroite | Al5(CO3)(OH)13·5H2O | tric., P1 or P1 | G | |||||||||||||||
Hydroscarbroite | Al14(CO3)3(OH)36·nH2O | Q | ||||||||||||||||
Scarbroite: probably structurally closely related to Gibbsite and Hydrotalcite-group minerals, with an aluminiumhydroxide layer of corner-sharing AlO6-octahedra and a carbonate-water interlayer. Not all Al positions are occupied (Brindley, 1980, Min. Mag. 43, 615-618). Hydroscarbroite needs a re-study. As it dehydrates to Scarbroite (Duffin & Goodyear, 1960, Min. Mag. 32, 353-362), the formula should be simply a higher hydrate. With better structural data, the minerals could be placed in Oxides/Hydroxides 4.FM. as the Hydrotalcite group minerals. Felsöbanyaite and Hydrobasaluminite are probably closely related minerals with sulfate in the interlayer. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.010. Artinite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2·3H2O | mon., C2/m | G | |||||||||||||||
Chlorartinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)Cl·3H2O | trig., R3c | IMA 1996-005 | |||||||||||||||
Artinite: Double-chains of edge-sharing MgO(OH)2(H2O)3 octahedra. The chains are connected via CO3 groups (Jagodzinski, 1965, Tscherm. Min. Petr. Mitt. 10, 297). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.015. Hydromagnesite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O | mon., P21/c | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
Widgiemoolthalite | Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O | mon., P21/c (?) | FOTO | IMA 1992-006 | ||||||||||||||
Dypingite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O | mon. | FOTO | IMA 1970-011 | ||||||||||||||
Giorgiosite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O | mon. (?) | Q | |||||||||||||||
Hydromagnesite: Three-dimensional framework of MgO6 octahedra and carbonate groups (Akao et al., 1970, Acta Cryst. B30, 2670-2672). Widgiemoolthalite: structure analysis not possible, from the powder data very probably isostructural with Hydromagnesite, with some disorder and possible superstructure in b direction (Nickel at al., 1993, Am. Min. 78, 819-821). The structure of Dypingite is unknown, but probably similar to Hydromagnesite. Giorgiosite needs further study, tentatively placed here. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.020. Kambaldaite | ||||||||||||||||||
Kambaldaite | NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3·3H2O | hex., P63 | FOTO | IMA 1982-098 | ||||||||||||||
Kambaldaite: distorted NiO6 octahedra linked in a three-dimensional array with bridging carbonate and hydroxyl groups. Na(H2O)6 octahedra occupy columnar tunnels in the structure (Engelhardt et al., 1985, Am. Min. 70, 423-427). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.025. Otwayite | ||||||||||||||||||
Otwayite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2·H2O | mon., P21/c | G | |||||||||||||||
Otwayite: structure not determined, octahedral coordination of Ni assumed, tentatively placed here. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.030. Zaratite | ||||||||||||||||||
Zaratite | Ni3(CO3)1+x(OH)4-2x·nH2O, x = 0.3-2, n < 3.5 | amorphous | Q | |||||||||||||||
Zaratite: formula usually given as Ni3(CO3)(OH)4·4H2O. Re-investigation of type material and other samples showed a more variable composition represented by the formula given above. Real Zaratite is amorphous and my represent more than one species, several samples labeled as Zaratite are mixtures or other Ni minerals (Garcia-Guinea et al., 2013, Eur. J. Min. 25, 995-1004). Tentatively placed here, octahedral coordination of Ni is assumed. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.035. Marklite | ||||||||||||||||||
Marklite | Cu5(CO3)2(OH)6·6H2O | mon., P21/c | IMA 2015-101 | |||||||||||||||
Marklite: infinite sheets of edge-sharing distorted Cu-octahedra, of the composition {Cu2+4O2(OH)6} parallel to (100). Adjacent sheets are linked through the interstitial {Cu2+(H2O)2(CO3)2} complex, which consists of a distorted Cu2+ tetragonal bipyramid with two H2O and four oxygen from two carbonate groups (Plášil, 2016, Int. Sci. Symposium Jáchymov, 75-78). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DC.040. Indigirite | ||||||||||||||||||
Indigirite | Mg2Al2(CO3)4(OH)2·15H2O | mon. (?) | IMA 1971-012 | |||||||||||||||
Indigirite: structure not determined, tentatively placed here. | ||||||||||||||||||
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5.DD. With cations in octahedral + other coordination | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.005. Callaghanite | ||||||||||||||||||
Callaghanite | Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6·2H2O | mon., C2/c | FOTO | G | ||||||||||||||
Callaghanite: Mg in octahedral coordination, Cu in 5-fold, tetragonal-pyramidal coordination. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.010. Alumohydrocalcite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Alumohydrocalcite | CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·3H2O | tric. | FOTO | A | ||||||||||||||
Grguricite | CaCr2(CO3)2(OH)4·3H2O | tric., P1 | IMA 2019-123 | |||||||||||||||
Alumohydrocalcite and Grguricite: trivalent cations (Al and Cr) in octahedral coordination, Ca in 7-fold coordination (pentagonal bipyramids). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.015. Dundasite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Kochsándorite | CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O | orth., Pnma | FOTO | IMA 2004-037 | ||||||||||||||
Strontiodresserite | SrAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O | orth., Pnma | IMA 1977-005 | |||||||||||||||
Dundasite | PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O | orth., Pnma | G | |||||||||||||||
Petterdite | PbCr2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O | orth., Pnma | FOTO | IMA 1999-034 | ||||||||||||||
Dresserite | BaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·1.5H2O | orth. | FOTO | IMA 1968-027 | ||||||||||||||
Dundasite: Al in octahedral coordination, Pb in 9-fold coordination (Cocco et al., 1972, Min. Mag. 38, 564-569). Strontiodresserite is isostructural (Whitfield et al., 2010, Powder Diffraction Journal 25, 322-328). Space group of Dundasite and Petterdite usually given in the non-standard setting Pbnm. Space group of Dresserite possibly Pbmm, Pb21m or Pbm2. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.020. Hydrodresserite | ||||||||||||||||||
Hydrodresserite | BaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·3H2O | tric., P1 | IMA 1976-036 | |||||||||||||||
Hydrodresserite: Al in distorted octahedral coordination, 4 with oxygen from hydroxyl groups in a square and 2 oxygen from carbonate groups. Ba in 9-fold coordination with oxygen from water, carbonate groups and hydroxyl (Szymanski, 1982, Can. Min. 20, 253-262. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.025. Para-alumohydrocalcite | ||||||||||||||||||
Para-alumohydrocalcite | CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·6H2O | mon. or tric. | IMA 1976-027 | |||||||||||||||
Para-alumohydrocalcite: structure not determined, tentatively placed here. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.030. Montroyalite | ||||||||||||||||||
Montroyalite | Sr4Al8(CO3)3(OH)26·10H2O | tric. | IMA 1985-001a | |||||||||||||||
Montroyalite: structure not determined, tentatively placed here. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.030. Sergeevite | ||||||||||||||||||
Sergeevite | Ca2Mg11(HCO3)4(CO3)9(OH)4·6H2O | trig. | IMA 1979-038 | |||||||||||||||
Sergeevite: structure not determined, tentatively placed here. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.035. Lusernaite | ||||||||||||||||||
Lusernaite-(Y) | Y4Al(CO3)2(OH)10F·6H2O | orth., Pnma | IMA 2011-108 | |||||||||||||||
Lusernaite-(Y): Al in octahedral coordination, Y on two different positions in 8-fold coordination (Biagioni et al., 2013, Am. Min. 98, 1322-1329). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DD.040. Decrespignyite | ||||||||||||||||||
Decrespignyite-(Y) | Y4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·3H2O | mon. | FOTO | IMA 2001-027 | ||||||||||||||
Decrespignyite-(Y): structure not determined, probably a layer structure. Discussed is a structure of two layer types, one type containing carbonate groups and Y in 9-fold coordination, and a second type containing Cu in octahedral coordination (Wallwork et al., 2002, Min Mag 66, 181-188). | ||||||||||||||||||
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5.DE. With cations in other coordination | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DE.005. Ancylite group | ||||||||||||||||||
Calcioancylite-(La) | (CaLa)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | orth., Pmcn | IMA 2021-090 | |||||||||||||||
Calcioancylite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | orth., Pmcn | FOTO | A | ||||||||||||||
Calcioancylite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | mon., Pm | IMA 1989-008 | |||||||||||||||
Ancylite-(La) | (SrLa)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | orth., Pmcn | IMA 1995-053 | |||||||||||||||
Ancylite-(Ce) | (SrCe)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | orth., Pmcn | FOTO | A | ||||||||||||||
Gysinite-(La) | (PbLa)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | orth., Pmcn | IMA 2022-008 | |||||||||||||||
Gysinite-(Ce) | (PbCe)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | orth., Pmcn | IMA 2023-035 | |||||||||||||||
Gysinite-(Nd) | (PbNd)(CO3)2(OH)(H2O) | orth., Pmcn | IMA 1981-046 | |||||||||||||||
Kozoite-(La) | La(CO3)(OH) | orth., Pmcn | IMA 2002-054 | |||||||||||||||
Kozoite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) | orth., Pmcn | IMA 1998-063 | |||||||||||||||
The general formula of the Ancylite group minerals can be given as (REE3+2-xMe2+x)(CO3)2(OH)2-x(H2O)x with x = 0 - 1. REE and Me2+ occupy the same crystallographical site, the cations are in 8-fold coordination with oxygen from carbonate, hydroxyl and water. The real compositions of Calcioancylite-(La), -(Ce) and -(Nd) (see Belovitskaya et al., 2013, Crystallography Reports 58, 216-219; Wang et al., 2023, Min. Mag. 87, 554-560) are intermediate between the calcioancylite-(REE) and kozoite-(REE) endmembers, with REE:Me2+ usually close to 3:1, but with a dominance of the calcioancylite-(REE) component. | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DE.010. Schuilingite-(Nd) | ||||||||||||||||||
Schuilingite-(Nd) | PbCuNd(CO3)3(OH)·1.5H2O | orth., P21cn | A | |||||||||||||||
Schuilingite-(Nd): Cu2+ in square-pyramidal, 5-fold coordination, Pb2+ in irregular 8-fold coordination (one distance is quite large and it is not clear whether or not it should be considered a bond), and REE in 10-fold coordination. The structure contains chains of face-sharing REE polyhedra, similar to chains in Gysinite-(Nd) (Schindler & Hawthorne, 1999, Can. Min. 37, 1463-1470). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DE.015. Sheldrickite | ||||||||||||||||||
Sheldrickite | NaCa3(CO3)2F3·H2O | trig., P32 | IMA 1996-019 | |||||||||||||||
Sheldrickite: layered structure on (001). One layer consists of of CO3 groups perpendicular to (001), Na polyhedra with Na in 8-fold coordination and H2O groups, the second layer of Ca polyhedra with Ca in 9-fold coordination and F anions (Grice et al., 1997, Can. Min. 35, 181-187). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DE.020. Alexkhomyakovite | ||||||||||||||||||
Alexkhomyakovite | K6(Ca3Na)(CO3)5Cl·6H2O | hex., P63/mcm | IMA 2015-013 | |||||||||||||||
Alexkhomyakovite: heteropolyhedral layers on (001), of disordered (Ca,Na) in 7-fold coordination (pentagonal bipyramids (Ca,Na)O5(H2O)2), interconnected via carbonate groups of two types, edge-sharing ones and vertex-sharing ones. 10-fold coordinated K cations centre KO5Cl(H2O)3 polyhedra on either side of the heteropolyhedral layer. A third type of carbonate group and Cl occupy the interlayer (Pekov et al., 2019, Eur. J. Min. 31, 135-143). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DE.025. Thomasclarkite | ||||||||||||||||||
Thomasclarkite-(Y) | NaY(HCO3)(OH)3·4H2O | mon., P2 | IMA 1997-047 | |||||||||||||||
Thomasclarkite-(Y): Na in irregular 6-fold and Y in 8-fold coordination (Grice & Gault, 1998, Can. Min. 36, 1293-1300). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DE.030. Kamphaugite | ||||||||||||||||||
Kamphaugite-(Y) | Ca2Y2(CO3)4(OH)2·3H2O | tetr., P41212 | IMA 1987-043 | |||||||||||||||
Kamphaugite-(Y): corrugated sheets parallel to (001), consisting of carbonate groups and polyhedra of Ca in 8-fold and Y in 9-fold coordination. The water content is not fully clear, chemical analysis gave 3 H2O per formula unit, whereas structure analysis gave 1 H2O (Rømming et al., 1993, Eur. J. Min. 5, 658-690). | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DE.035. Peterbaylissite | ||||||||||||||||||
Peterbaylissite | Hg3(CO3)(OH)·2H2O | orth., Pcab | IMA 1993-041 | |||||||||||||||
5.DE.040. Clearcreekite | ||||||||||||||||||
Clearcreekite | Hg3(CO3)(OH)·2H2O | mon., P21/c | IMA 1999-003 | |||||||||||||||
5.DE.045. Szymanskiite | ||||||||||||||||||
Szymanskiite | Hg16Ni6(H3O)8(CO3)12(OH)12·3H2O | hex., P63 | IMA 1989-045 | |||||||||||||||
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5.DF. Carbonates with additional tetrahedral anions: SO4, B(OH)4, PO4, AsO4 | ||||||||||||||||||
5.DF.005. Putnisite | ||||||||||||||||||
Putnisite | SrCa4Cr3+8(CO3)8(SO4)(OH)16·23H2O | orth., Pnma | IMA 2011106 | |||||||||||||||
5.DF.010. Nasledovite | ||||||||||||||||||
Nasledovite | PbMn3Al4(SO4)(CO3)4O5·5H2O | Q | ||||||||||||||||
5.DF.015. Micheelsenite group [Ettringite group] | ||||||||||||||||||
Micheelsenite | (Ca,Y)6Al2(PO3OH)2(CO3)2(OH)12·24H2O | hex., P63 | IMA 1999-033 | |||||||||||||||
Imayoshiite | Ca6Al2(B(OH)4)2(CO3)2(OH)12·24H2O | hex., P63 | IMA 2013-069 | |||||||||||||||
Chiyokoite | Ca6Si2[(B(OH)4)(AsO3)](CO3)2(OH)12·24H2O | hex., P63 | IMA 2019-054 | |||||||||||||||
5.DF.020. Claraite | ||||||||||||||||||
Claraite | (Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O | tric., ps.-hex. | IMA 1981-023, Rd. | |||||||||||||||
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G = Grandfathered minerals: original description preceded the establishment of the CNMNC in 1959, and generally regarded as a valid species A or IMA No. = Minerals approved by the CNMNC Rd = Redefinition of the mineral approved by the CNMNC Rn = Renamed with approval by the CNMNC Q = Questionable mineral Classification principles: Subdivision of the Carbonates subclass "5.D: Carbonates with additional anions, with water" completely re-arranged compared to the chemical classification in Strunz 9. The subdivision is based now on structural aspects, the coordination polyhedra, corresponding roughly to the cation size (from smaller to larger cations): 5.DA. With cations only in tetrahedral coordination; 5.DB. With cations in tetrahedral + other coordination; 5.DC. With cations only in octahedral coordination; 5.DD. With cations in octahedral + other coordination; 5.DE. With cations in other coordination; 5.DF. Carbonates with additional tetrahedral anions: SO4, B(OH)4, PO4, AsO4. Further classification:
To distinguish from classical Strunz numbering, on hierarchical "group" level, a numbering with 3 digits is used, like "5.DB.005. Niveolanite", instead of 2 digits (like "5.DB.05.") in the Strunz system. © Thomas Witzke (2023) |
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